It is only feasible to insonate the cerebral arteries via the acoustic window while using a low-frequency probe ( Basri et al., 2021). TCD’s ease of use as a diagnostic approach could lead to an increase in its utility in clinical and research settings for a variety of cerebrovascular conditions ( Bhogal, 2021). When dealing with cerebrovascular complications, TCD is considered to be the most practical technique to keep track of vascular alterations in response to treatment. Such parameters provide physiologic information that can be used in combination with structural information taken from a variety of existing imaging techniques ( Purkayastha and Sorond, 2012). In the basal cerebral arteries, the TCD imaging tool uses low-frequency ultrasonic waves (i.e., ≤2 MHz) to evaluate blood flow parameters and cerebrovascular hemodynamics in real-time. Introduction Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography This review summarizes the basic principles underlying the TCD imaging technique and its utility as a diagnostic tool for cerebrovascular disease. Timely diagnosis and treatment can restore the brain-impaired functions, resulting in a much-improved prognosis for the patients. The brain’s functions can be temporarily or permanently impaired as a result of this change in blood flow.

Cerebrovascular disease indicates a group of disorders that alter the flow of blood in the brain. However, owing to its large operator dependency, it has a narrow application area. TCD is a commonly available and inexpensive diagnostic tool. TCD is a less expensive, non-invasive, and practically simpler approach to diagnosing cerebrovascular disorders than the others.

Imaging techniques including transcranial Doppler (TCD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and cerebral angiography are available for cerebrovascular disease diagnosis.

Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.Yuanmei Pan, Wenbin Wan, Minjie Xiang and Yangtai Guan *

Transcranial doppler